PaymentsPayments GlossaryPart 5 of 6
Issuing Cards Glossary
24 terms from the Payments book's Issuing Cards part, each defined in a line and linked to the chapter that explains it.
- Account range: a slice of a BIN configured as its own product, shared among programs or dedicated to one (Card Issuing).
- Auth API, Auth Stream Access (ASA), Gateway JIT Funding: the real-time authorization webhooks of Galileo, Lithic and Marqeta, which let a program approve or decline inside the authorization (Issuer Processing).
- BIN sponsor: the network-member bank whose BIN a non-bank card program issues under, and which answers to the network and its regulators for it (Card Issuing).
- Card production (card bureau): the manufacturer and personalizer that embosses cards, loads the chip, and mails cards and PINs under PCI's Card Production and Provisioning standards (Card Issuing).
- Commando Mode: Marqeta's stand-in that decides by preset rules when a program's gateway times out or errors (Issuer Processing).
- Earned wage access (EWA): advancing a worker's already-earned pay before payday, often onto a prepaid or payroll card; not credit under Regulation Z when it meets the CFPB's conditions (Card Issuing).
- Embedded issuing: a software platform issuing cards to its own business customers inside its product, usually carrying their verification and losses (Card Issuing).
- Force post: clearing that arrives with no authorization, or after a decline, and posts anyway (Issuer Processing).
- Green, yellow and red paths: a token request approved outright, approved after the cardholder verifies, or declined (Card Issuing).
- Hybrid prepaid-credit card: a prepaid card that can draw on a credit feature, treated as a credit card under Regulation Z, with the feature offered no sooner than 30 days after registration (Card Issuing).
- ID&V (identification and verification): the step-up a cardholder completes before a yellow-path token activates: a one-time code, the issuer's app or a call (Card Issuing).
- Issuer processor: the system that authorizes, posts and keeps the card ledger for an issuer, and produces its network files (Card Issuing).
- Just-in-time (JIT) funding: funding a card account at the moment of each approval instead of holding a balance on it (Issuer Processing).
- Open-to-buy: a credit card's line minus its posted balance and active holds; the amount an authorization can approve (Issuer Processing).
- Over-capture: clearing for more than was authorized, as with tips, which issuers can't block (Issuer Processing).
- Prepaid account: a card account funded in advance, with Regulation E's prepaid disclosures and, once identity is verified, its protections (Card Issuing).
- Program agreement: the contract between a sponsor bank and a program manager: approved products, funding, delegated compliance tasks, audit and exit (Card Issuing).
- Program manager: the company that designs and runs a card program for (or as) the brand under a sponsor bank: onboarding, support, compliance operations (Card Issuing).
- Provisional credit: money an issuer credits a cardholder during a Regulation E investigation, reversible with notice if no error is found (Issuer Processing).
- Push provisioning: adding a card to a wallet from the issuer's app or site, which needs each wallet's approval (Card Issuing).
- Spend controls: per-card or per-cardholder rules on merchant category, country, channel, amount and velocity, checked at authorization (Issuer Processing).
- Spend management: a commercial charge card bundled with expense software (limits, approvals, receipts, accounting sync), paid for mostly by commercial interchange (Card Issuing).
- Stablecoin-linked card: a card that spends from a stablecoin or crypto balance, converted to fiat by top-up, at authorization or against collateral, while the network settles in fiat or a settlement stablecoin (Card Issuing).
- Visa Account Screen: the list of blocked and lost or stolen card numbers that Visa's stand-in declines, which issuers must update immediately (Issuer Processing).