Hosting & CloudGlossaryPart 9 of 17
Web Hosting Glossary
95 terms from the Hosting & Cloud book's Web Hosting part, each defined in a line and linked to the chapter that explains it.
- aaPanel: a server panel with a free Core edition and a paid Pro edition (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- Absorb, pass through or replace: the three ways a host handles panel license cost: absorb it in shared plan prices, pass it through as an invoice line on VPS and dedicated, or replace the panel (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- Ancestor DCV: AutoSSL's rule that a successful domain-control check on
example.comalso covers its subdomains, such asstore.example.com(cPanel & WHM). - Apache SpamAssassin: the spam scorer in panel mail, where the customer sets a threshold for marking and an optional threshold for deletion (Email Hosting).
- Automattic's hosted WordPress: WordPress.com plans, Pressable and WP Cloud, run by the WordPress project's main steward (Managed WordPress).
- AutoSSL: cPanel & WHM's built-in certificate automation, which issues and renews a DV certificate for every domain on every account without the customer asking, with Let's Encrypt as the default provider (cPanel & WHM).
- Backup (cPanel): the customer-side interface offering a full backup for download and partial backups (home directory, databases, forwarders, filters) the customer can restore; a full backup can't be restored automatically from cPanel (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Backup Configuration: the root-level WHM service, set once per server, that defines backup type, schedule, retention, database handling and destinations (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Backup User Selection: the WHM setting that excludes accounts from scheduled backups; accounts are included by default (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Backup Wizard: the cPanel tool that sends a full backup to the home directory or a remote FTP or SCP server (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Bati Courtage: an OVH ruling in which backups described as physically isolated from the VPS were stored in the same building as the server (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Block-level snapshots: snapshots of a server or volume by the hypervisor or storage layer: fast, crash-consistent and whole-machine rather than per account (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Bluepad: an OVH ruling in which production ran in one datacenter building and backups in another, although the customer had been told both were in the same one (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Bookings (hosting): the value of terms sold in a period, which leads revenue because long prepaid terms are recognized over time (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- Bot classification: excluding suspected bots from a visit count, which makes the classifier's errors billing errors and is why its version is recorded per day (Managed WordPress).
- BoxTrapper: cPanel's challenge-response spam option, which sends a verification email to unknown senders (Email Hosting).
- Browser cache: assets kept on the visitor's device, the outermost cache layer of a WordPress site (Managed WordPress).
- Bundle (hosting): the free items attached to a hosting plan (domain, privacy, certificate, mailboxes, backups, CDN), each with its own renewal clock and its own standalone price (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- CAA preflight: AutoSSL adding a CAA record to a domain's zone before ordering a certificate, so the chosen CA is allowed to issue (cPanel & WHM).
- Cloud Solution Provider (CSP): Microsoft's program for reselling Microsoft 365, through distributors (indirect) or by billing customers directly (direct-bill) (Email Hosting).
- CloudPanel: a free but proprietary server panel for NGINX, PHP, Node.js and Python sites, "licensed and not sold," whose terms restrict resale (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- cPanel & WHM: WebPros' hosting control panel, licensed per server and priced by account count, with root, resellers, packages, feature lists and accounts (cPanel & WHM).
- cPanel account: one Unix user with a primary domain, its addon, parked and sub domains, databases, mailboxes and FTP users, created from a package (cPanel & WHM).
- Custom copy: a WP Engine environment copy that moves files, all tables or selected tables, from the current state or a backup point (Managed WordPress).
- Customer-held offsite copies: exports to the customer's own bucket or a plugin's storage, which survive the host's failure or the end of the relationship (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- CyberPanel: a free GPL-3.0 server panel built around OpenLiteSpeed, with paid add-ons (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- DirectAdmin: a hosting panel licensed per server and priced by account count, with admin, reseller and user levels (cPanel & WHM).
- DKIM: a TXT record at
selector._domainkeyholding the public key that verifies a domain's mail signatures; the host generates a key per domain, signs outbound mail and rotates (Email Hosting). - DMARC: a TXT record at
_dmarcstating the domain's policy when SPF and DKIM don't align and where to send reports (Email Hosting). - Dovecot: the IMAP and POP3 server in panel mail, serving mailboxes in
mdboxformat (Email Hosting). - EasyApache 4: cPanel's tool that installs, configures, updates and validates Apache and PHP as system packages, with preconfigured profiles (cPanel & WHM).
- Edge full-page cache: an optional cache of HTML at the CDN, following
Cache-Controland bypassed on the same paths as the page cache (Managed WordPress). - Email Deliverability: the cPanel page that checks a domain's DKIM, SPF and PTR records (Email Hosting).
- Email Routing: the cPanel setting that decides whether the server accepts mail for a domain: Local, Backup (hold until a lower-numbered MX is available) or Remote (Email Hosting).
- Environments (WordPress): at least a production and a staging copy of each site, often a development one too (Managed WordPress).
- Exim: the mail transfer agent cPanel & WHM includes, configured in WHM for spam rejection, DKIM verification and sender checks (Email Hosting).
- Feature list: a cPanel list of which tools an account using a package can see; it controls tools, not limits (cPanel & WHM).
- Full copy: a WP Engine environment copy that moves all files and all tables (Managed WordPress).
- General migration plugin: a plugin such as All-in-One WP Migration or Duplicator that moves one WordPress site from any host to any host (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Google Workspace resale: reselling Workspace as an authorized reseller with a signed reseller contract, through the Partner Sales Console and the Reseller API (Email Hosting).
- HestiaCP: a free, community GPL-3.0 hosting panel based on VestaCP that installs a web, mail, DNS and database stack (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- Intro price: a hosting plan's headline price, which is a discount for prepaying a long term; the plan renews at a higher list price for the same term (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- Isolation tiers: shared versus isolated managed WordPress plans, where isolation and stronger SLAs come with the higher tiers (Managed WordPress).
- ISPConfig: a free BSD-licensed panel that manages multiple servers from one panel, with paid modules (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- Live Transfer: cPanel-to-cPanel migration that also updates A, nameserver and MX records so the cutover happens with the copy (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Managed WordPress: a WordPress-only platform with a tuned stack, environments, backups, managed updates and caching, usually priced by visits (Managed WordPress).
- Microsoft 365 (Exchange Online): Microsoft's mail service, which caps recipients per day and messages per minute per mailbox (Email Hosting).
- MultiPHP: cPanel's feature that lets several PHP versions coexist, setting a server default and each virtual host's version (cPanel & WHM).
- MX: the DNS record naming which servers receive mail for a domain, lowest preference first (Email Hosting).
- New Commerce Experience (NCE): Microsoft's purchasing model for license-based subscriptions, with monthly, annual or three-year terms that can be canceled only in a short window after purchase (Email Hosting).
- Newfold Digital: the hosting group behind Bluehost, HostGator, Network Solutions and other brands (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- Object cache: a cache of database query results and computed values for WordPress, often optional or an upsell (Managed WordPress).
- Open-source hosting panels: panels free per server with paid add-ons or support (Virtualmin, HestiaCP, CyberPanel and others), with no license fee (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- Package (cPanel): a named set of resource options and settings plus one feature list, owned by root or a reseller and applied to accounts (cPanel & WHM).
- Page cache: the cache (Varnish at WP Engine) of a page's generated HTML, bypassed for admin, login, cart and checkout pages and logged-in cookies (Managed WordPress).
- Panel transfer: migrating whole accounts, including mail, with WHM's Transfer Tool or Live Transfer, which needs root on both ends (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Panel-native backups: per-account archives on a schedule (WHM, Plesk) to local and remote destinations, restorable per account (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Pantheon: a container platform for WordPress with Dev, Test and Live environments, metered by site visits and pages served (Managed WordPress).
- Partner (NOC) agreement: how hosts buy cPanel licenses at prices below the store's and resell them to VPS and dedicated customers (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- PHP handler: the panel setting that decides which user a PHP request runs as (CGI, DSO, suPHP, PHP-FPM, FCGId, LSAPI), and so whether one account can read another's files (cPanel & WHM).
- Platform checkpoints: managed WordPress's daily site copies in the platform's own storage, restorable from the dashboard (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Plesk: WebPros' hosting panel, licensed per server in editions by domain count, organized as subscriptions and service plans per customer (cPanel & WHM).
- Pressable: Automattic's managed WordPress, built on WP Cloud and metered by visits and storage (Managed WordPress).
- Pro email: a paid mailbox product with its own intro and renewal prices, bigger mailboxes and the mail moved off the web server, often white-labeled from one vendor (Email Hosting).
- PTR: the reverse DNS name of a sending IP, which should match the server's forward name and belongs to the host, not the customer (Email Hosting).
- Replication instead of backup: live copies in a second location, with low recovery time but deletions and corruption replicated too (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Reseller (cPanel): a cPanel account with WHM access, created by root and given a privilege list and account limits to sell hosting under (cPanel & WHM).
- Reseller API: Google's API for Workspace resellers, covering resellers, customers, payment plans, product SKUs and licenses (Email Hosting).
- Reseller privilege groups: cPanel's grouping of reseller ACLs into Basic, Package, Global, Super and Root Access, from managing one's own accounts to complete access to the server (cPanel & WHM).
- Resource options: the numeric limits a cPanel package sets, such as disk quota, bandwidth, mail and FTP accounts, databases and hourly outbound mail (cPanel & WHM).
- Retention rises with tenure: a hosting customer who survives the first renewal is more likely to survive the next, so the business is designed around the first renewal (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- Rocket.net: a managed WordPress host that leaves visitors unmetered and bills storage and bandwidth (Managed WordPress).
- Root (cPanel): the server owner in cPanel & WHM, holding every account, service and setting, global packages and the limits every reseller lives under (cPanel & WHM).
- Roundcube: the webmail in panel mail, which replaced Horde and SquirrelMail in cPanel (Email Hosting).
- Settings (cPanel package): the switches a package sets, such as dedicated IP, shell access, CGI, theme and locale (cPanel & WHM).
- SPF: a TXT record listing which servers may send as a domain, with a limit on DNS-querying terms that the host should warn about (Email Hosting).
- Standalone price: the regular price each bundled item still has, used to allocate revenue and to deduct from refunds (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- Standardized Hooks: cPanel's mechanism to run the host's code when the panel does something, registered per hookable event with
manage_hooks(cPanel & WHM). - Suspension (cPanel): the panel's enforcement verb, redirecting web traffic, invalidating the password and acting on incoming mail, optionally locked so resellers can't lift it (cPanel & WHM).
- Transfer Tool: WHM's tool that copies cPanel accounts, packages and configurations from a source server to a destination server (Backups, Restores & Migrations).
- Tweak Settings: WHM's server-wide settings, including the maximum hourly emails per domain and the failed or deferred percentage before outbound mail is blocked (Email Hosting).
- UAPI: cPanel's API for operations inside one cPanel account, callable from the shell or over HTTPS (cPanel & WHM).
- Unique IP per day: a visit-counting rule that undercounts behind carrier-grade NAT and overcounts with IPv6 privacy addresses (Managed WordPress).
- Usage-metered plans: hosting with an allowance and overage by visits, bandwidth or compute, so revenue tracks usage (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- Virtualmin: a panel with a free GPL edition and a Professional edition licensed by domains (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- Visits: the managed WordPress pricing unit, a count of visitors the customer understands and the host can map to PHP work, which has to be publicly defined and explainable (Managed WordPress).
- Webmin: a BSD-licensed web-based system administration tool for Unix-like servers, which administers a server rather than selling hosting accounts (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- White-labeled pro email: a mail platform vendor's mailboxes sold under the host's brand, as Titan powers Bluehost's and GoDaddy's (Email Hosting).
- WHM API 1: cPanel's API for server and reseller operations, such as
listaccts,createacctandsuspendacct, authenticated with an API token (cPanel & WHM). - Wholesale and reseller: hosting sold to resellers who set their own retail price (How Web Hosting Makes Money).
- WordPress.com: Automattic's hosted WordPress, which doesn't meter visits and allows plugins from the Personal plan (Managed WordPress).
- WP Engine v. Automattic: the dispute in which Automattic cut WP Engine off from WordPress.org and WP Engine sued, showing that a host's update channel, directory and trademark use are supplier dependencies (Managed WordPress).
- WP Squared: cPanel's WordPress-focused panel, licensed by WordPress site (Control Panel Licensing & the Alternatives).
- WP-CLI: the command line for WordPress, which hosts use to run backups, search-replace for pushes and migrations, cache flushes and updates at scale (Managed WordPress).
- WP-Cron: WordPress's scheduler, which runs due tasks only on page load and so doesn't run on a site behind a page cache unless system cron triggers it (Managed WordPress).